Customizable processors have been described as the next natural step in the evolution of the microprocessor business: a step in the life of a new technology where top performance alone is no longer sufficient to guarantee market success. Other factors become fundamental, such as time to market, convenience, energy efficiency, and ease of customization.

This book is the first to explore comprehensively one of the most fundamental trends which emerged in the last decade: to treat processors not as rigid, fixed entities, which designers include "as is" in their products; but rather, to build...

It is well known that embedded systems have to be implemented efficiently. This requires that processors optimized for certain application domains are used in embedded systems. Such an optimization requires a careful exploration of the design space, including a detailed study of cost/performance tradeoffs. In order to avoid time-consuming assembly language programming during design space exploration, compilers are needed. In order to analyze the effect of various software or hardware configurations on the performance, retargetable compilers are needed that can generate code for numerous...

The building blocks of today's and future embedded systems are complex intellectual property components, or cores, many of which are programmable processors. Traditionally, these embedded processors mostly have been pro grammed in assembly languages due to efficiency reasons. This implies time consuming programming, extensive debugging, and low code portability. The requirements of short time-to-market and dependability of embedded systems are obviously much better met by using high-level language (e.g. C) compil ers instead of assembly. However, the use of C compilers frequently incurs a...

According to market analysts, the market for consumer electronics will con- tinue to grow at a rate higher than that of electronic systems in general. The consumer market can be characterized by rapidly growing complexities of appli- cations and a rather short market window. As a result, more and more complex designs have to be completed in shrinking time frames. A key concept for coping with such stringent requirements is re-use. Since the re-use of completely fixed large hardware blocks is limited to subproblems of system-level applications (for example MPEG-2), flexible, programmable pro-...

New software tools and a sophisticated methodology above RTL are required to answer the challenges of designing an optimized application specific processor (ASIP). This book offers an automated and fully integrated implementation flow and compares it to common implementation practice. It provides case-studies that emphasize that neither the architectural advantages nor the design space of ASIPs are sacrificed for an automated implementation.

Already today more than 90% of all programmable processors are employed in embedded systems. This number is actually not surprising, contemplating that in a typical home you might find one or two PCs equipped with high of embedded systems, performance standard processors, but probably dozens including electronic entertainment, household, and telecom devices, each of them equipped with one or more embedded processors. Moreover, the elec tronic components of upper-class cars incorporate easily over one hundred pro cessors. Hence, efficient embedded processor design is certainly an area worth...

Computerarchitecturepresentlyfacesanunprecedentedrevolution: Thestep from monolithic processors towards multi-core ICs, motivated by the ever - creasingneedforpowerandenergyef ciencyinnanoelectronics. Whetheryou prefer to call it MPSoC (multi-processor system-on-chip) or CMP (chip mul- processor), no doubt this revolution affects large domains of both computer science and electronics, and it poses many new interdisciplinary challenges. For instance, ef cient programming models and tools for MPSoC are largely an open issue: "Multi-core platforms are a reality - but where is the software...

We are presently observing a paradigm change in designing complex SoC as it occurs roughly every twelve years due to the exponentially increasing number of transistors on a chip. This design discontinuity, as all previous ones, is characterized by a move to a higher level of abstraction. This is required to cope with the rapidly increasing design costs. While the present paradigm change shares the move to a higher level of abstraction with all previous ones, there exists also a key difference. For the ?rst time shrinking geometries do not leadtoacorrespondingincreaseofperformance....

Increasing complexity of modern embedded systems demands system designers to ramp up their design productivity without compromising performance goals. This is promoted by modern Electronic System Level (ESL) techniques. Language-driven Exploration and Implementation of Partially Re-configurable ASIPs addresses an important segment of the ESL area by modeling partially re-configurable processors via high-level Architecture Description Language (ADL). This approach also hints an imminent evolution in the area of re-configurable system design.

1. 1 Motivation Digital information technology has revolutionized the world during the last few decades. Todayabout98%ofprogrammabledigitaldevicesareactuallyembedded 132]. Theseembeddedsystemshavebecomethemainapplicationareaofinfor- tiontechnologyhardwareandarethebasistodeliverthesophisticatedfunctionality of today's technical devices. As shown in Fig. 1. 1(a), current forecasts predict a worldwideembeddedsystemmarketof$88billionin2009. Millions of Gates 40 25% 300 2004 35 Available Gates 2009 250 20% Used Gates AAGR% 30 200 Design Productivity Gap 25 15% Design Productivity Gap 20 150 10%...