n August 1853, an American-born Sephardic Jew, Solomon Nunes Carvalho, accepted John Fremont's invitation to join his fifth expedition to find the best overland route to California. A Baltimore artist, inventor, and daguerreotypist, Carvalho was given the job of creating a photographic record of the lands and peoples along the way. Fremont's party left the Missouri on September 14, 1853, traveled up the Kansas River, overland to the Arkansas, upriver past Bent's Fort to the Huerfano, and traversed the Sandhill Pass into the Rocky Mountains. Beset by heavy snows and intense cold, they were...