With an ever-increasing demand for more food supply, agricultural scientists will have to search for new ways and technologies to promote food production. In recent decades, plant growth regulators (PGRs) have made great strides in promoting plant growth and development. PGRs are organic compounds which have the ability to dramatically affect physiological plant processes when present in extremely low concentrations (in the range of micro-to picograms). Although all higher plants have the ability to synthesize PGRs endogenously, they do respond to the exogenous sources most likely due to not...

The undertaken project includes the survey and experimentations. The survey study was conducted to know the farmers perception of insect pests and pest management practices in Bt cotton in Punjab, Pakistan. The experimentations were consisted the field and laboratory experiments. The field experiments were conducted to determine the impact of transgenic Bt cotton on the target and non-target insect community in replicated field trials under sprayed and unsprayed conditions, in comparisons with its parent non-Bt conventional cotton. The laboratory experiments were conducted to...

The canal irrigation system in the Indus Basin is facing a number of operational problems resulting in very high degree of losses of water during conveyance as well as during the application of irrigation to crops. These water losses on one hand result in constrained water supplies of canal water but on the other hand provide a source of recharge to the Indus Basin aquifer. Because of increasing scarcity of surface water resources, minimization of recharge through lining is one of the alternatives. Consequently, lining of different components would influence the recharge potential...

This revolutionary book examines the biochemistry of endogenous ethylene biosynthesis and its role in the physiology of higher plants. Never before has such comprehensive attention been given to soil microbiota and their potential exogenous source of ethylene. This book provides chapters examining ethylene as a hormone, its role in plant physiology, sources and factors affecting microbial production of ethylene, and biochemistry of ethylene production by microorganisms. It also considers ethylene production in soil, the role of ethylene in symbiosis and pathogenesis, and its commercial...