'Smart' materials can be attached to, or embedded into, structural systems to enable the structure to sense a change in the environment and respond to the ensuing stimulus accordingly. Actuators and sensors incorporating smart materials such as piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, electrostrictive, and shape memory alloys have been intensively developed. Such smart materials find tremendous applications ranging from active vibration control/suppression and precise positioning for manufacturing and machining, to devices for office equipment, automotive and biomedical areas. This book addresses...