Currently there are more questions than answers in prostate cancer and the authors certainly could not have been expected to provide all the solutions for these many difficult issues. They have set out the problems clearly, however, and by doing so set a challenge for all of us in the urological community to provide the evidence based resolution to these many thorny issues by carefully constructed, long-term randomised files. British Journal of Urology ...contains useful information and is a helpful resource for understanding many of the controversies in this area. The Lancet.