Elderly people are the main drug consumers in Western societies, as multimorbidity seems to justify a high load of drugs to be supplied to them. People above 65 years of age take an average of five drugs, and this figure increases to almost ten drugs at the age of 75. Serious adverse events (SAE) related to drug use are considered to lead to 100,000 deaths per year in the United States. The primary motivation of doctors resulting in polypharmacy is the treatment of all diagnoses according to the guidelines which recommend three drugs per disease, on average. The mean number of diagnoses at...

Principles of Translational Science in Medicine: From Bench to Bedside, Second Edition, provides an update on major achievements in the translation of research into medically relevant results and therapeutics.

The book presents a thorough discussion of biomarkers, early human trials, and networking models, and includes institutional and industrial support systems. It also covers algorithms that have influenced all major areas of biomedical research in recent years, resulting in an increasing numbers of new chemical/biological entities (NCEs or NBEs) as shown in FDA...