This text examines the history of the idea of development, and doctrines governments have employed to practice development policy. Beginning with the 19th century invention of modern development, the authors discuss Karl Marx's early critique of development and the creation of the notion of underdevelopment. They argue that trusteeship, the intent of one to act on behalf of another is the prime force behind all development doctrine and claim that little has changed since early industrial capitalism.

First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Most of the studies in this book are about national elections in Anglophone Africa. There are also less well-known examples from Sudan, Ethiopia and Guinea Bissau. The collection also features studies of the local elections in Namibia and of a significant by-election in Malawi. The multiparty period has been put, wherever possible, within the historical context of earlier elections in Africa. Questions addressed include: how did incumbent governing regimes learn to live with multiparty politics? Why have some elections been so closely fought and others have suffered from apathy? Why has there...