The question, "Why a transcendental anthropology?" entails already having in someway attained the answer to the question, and yet it also calls for a justification not only of the answer, but of the question itself. In this short work, the Spanish philosopher Leonardo Polo (1926-2013) presents his proposal of a transcendental anthropology and seeks to provide historical and philosophical reasons that make such a proposal timely and fitting for the present historical situation of philosophy. Polo's proposal makes use of the philosophical method that he calls the abandonment of the mental...