Despite a century of debate and criticism, Marxism as a mass ideological practice has remained an elusive topic. This book examines Marxist socialism as a mode of understanding and self-understanding treasured and transmitted by thousands of anonymous militants. It focuses on the Parti Ouvrier Francais, the "Guesdists," an archetypal movement of Marxism's "Golden Age" before World War I, the period when Marxist socialism evolved from sect to mass movement. Thousands of French socialists adopted Marxism due to the effectiveness of vulgar Guesdist polemic rather than Marx's profound theoretical...

Despite a century of debate and criticism, Marxism as a mass ideological practice has remained an elusive topic. This book examines Marxist socialism as a mode of understanding and self-understanding treasured and transmitted by thousands of anonymous militants. It focuses on the Parti Ouvrier Francais, the "Guesdists," an archetypal movement of Marxism's "Golden Age" before World War I, the period when Marxist socialism evolved from sect to mass movement. Thousands of French socialists adopted Marxism due to the effectiveness of vulgar Guesdist polemic rather than Marx's profound theoretical...

In this new publication of his 1960 thesis, Robert Stuart looks back at the historical context for the Fourteenth Amendment and the Brown v. Topeka Board of Education court case. By examining the ties between the Fourteenth Amendment (passed in 1868) and the case that ended segregation (decided in 1954), Stuart suggests how the attitudes toward integration and education were considered to have been present to the framers of the Amendment.

Stuart raises the question whether education was considered by the original writers of the Fourteenth Amendment. To find the complex...