The theoretical study of the nuclear equation of state (EOS) is a field of research which touches on most of the fundamental problems in nuclear physics. In this book, an overview of the present status of the microscopic theory of the nuclear Equation of State is given. Its aim is essentially twofold. First, to provide a volume that could be a real textbook for advanced students entering the field by covering the different subjects as exhaustively and didactically as possible. Second, to be a reference book for all researchers active in the theory of nuclear matter by presenting an updated...