English summary: The "music therapy component theory" known from Transitions Between Language and Music (now out of print) appears fully revised and greatly reduced in the first part of this text. The second part develops a general therapy view of improvisation as a social model. On this basis, the social, musical, and methodological differentiation of the theory's components are investigated qualitatively and quantitatively from a unique research approach, leading to surprising results. German description: Die aus "Ubergange zwischen Sprache und Musik" bekannte "musiktherapeutische...