Very fast advances in IC technologies have brought new challenges into the physical design of integrated systems. The emphasis on system performance, in lately developed applications, requires timing and power constraints to be considered at each stage of physical design. The size of ICs is decreasing continuously, and the density of power dissipated in the circuits is growing rapidly. The first challenge is the Information Technology where new materials, devices, telecommunication and multimedia facilities are developed. The second one is the Biomedical Science and Biotechnology. The...

Very fast advances in IC technologies have brought new challenges into the physical design of integrated systems. The emphasis on system performance, in lately developed applications, requires timing and power constraints to be considered at each stage of physical design. The size of ICs is decreasing continuously, and the density of power dissipated in the circuits is growing rapidly. The first challenge is the Information Technology where new materials, devices, telecommunication and multimedia facilities are developed. The second one is the Biomedical Science and Biotechnology. The...