The production of chemicals from microalgae is becoming a significant area of biological research. This work seeks to cover the various aspects that relate to the use of microalgae as a source of chemicals. The chapters discuss the occurence and physiological role of these chemicals and concentrates on the methods aimed at enhancing their content, as well as the large-scale algal biomass production and down-stream processing. It describes the major algal chemicals of interest, namely pigments and lipids.