Recruited to be a lecturer on a group tour of Indonesia, Edward M. Bruner decided to make the tourists aware of tourism itself. He photographed tourists photographing Indonesians, asking the group how they felt having their pictures taken without their permission. After a dance performance, Bruner explained to the group that the exhibition was not traditional, but instead had been set up specifically for tourists. His efforts to induce reflexivity led to conflict with the tour company, which wanted the displays to be viewed as replicas of culture and to remain unexamined. Although Bruner was...

This text broadens the discussion and challenges the traditional paradigm which presents tourism as an outside force - independent of any cultural or symbolic system - making an impact on an indigenous society. The contributors reconceptualize the local and the global, avoiding basic oppositions such as centre versus periphery, modern versus traditional, macro versus micro and the North versus South. Instead, they demonstrate that the local cannot be understood without the global, and that the global can never be isolated from the regional setting within which it operates. tourism within the...