The prospectus that announced the creation of The Institute of the Humanities promised an inaugural course of twelve lectures, to be given by its founder and entitled, Concerning a New Interpretation of International History. (Exposition and Examination of A. J. Toynbee s work, A Study of History.) But the course as given (in 1948-49) went much farther than that announcement, for the examination consisted principally of a critique of Toynbee s work from the point of view of Ortega s own doctrines, together with the unfolding of his personal ideas about the science of history and the progress...