In 1996, The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction hosted an international meeting to address the issues of survey research into sexual behavior, driven predominantly by concern over HIV and AIDS and the need to establish the frequency of behaviors which might facilitate spread of the virus. The participants included representatives from most of the recent large scale surveys in the United States and Europe, and others with a wide range of research experience and methodological expertise. These are the papers from that conference.