The eleventh-century papal reform transformed western European Church and society and permanently altered the relations of Church and State in the west. The reform was inaugurated by Pope Leo IX (1048/9-1054) and given a controversial change of direction by Pope Gregory VII (1073-85). This book contains the earliest biographies of Leo IX and Gregory VII, presented here for the first time in English translation with detailed commentaries. The biographers of Leo IX were inspired by his universally acknowledged sanctity, whereas the biographers of Gregory VII wrote to defend his reputation...
The eleventh-century papal reform transformed western European Church and society and permanently altered the relations of Church and State in the wes...
Something has gone deeply wrong with the university -- too deeply wrong to be put right by any merely bureaucratic means. What's wrong is, simply, that our official idea of education, the idea that inspires all government policies and 'initiatives', is itself uneducated. With the growing emphasis in higher education on training in supposedly useful skills, has the very ethos of the university been subverted? And does this more utilitarian university succeed in adding to the national wealth, the basis on which politicians justify the large public expenditure on the higher education system?...
Something has gone deeply wrong with the university -- too deeply wrong to be put right by any merely bureaucratic means. What's wrong is, simply, ...
