Clinical neuropsychology, i.e. the study of patients with cognitive disorders due to lesions of the central nervous system, has for many years been the leading or, in the case of language, the only source of knowledge about the neural basis of cognitive function. This state of affairs has changed considerably in the last two decades. The “cognitive revolution” has led to extensive developments in the modelling of cognitive functioning in normal subjects; at the same time, modern functional imaging techniques have provided new opportunities for the investigation of normal...