Schools are described as social systems whose primary organizational features are closely interrelated. Methods for coordinating these features are presented so schools can restructure their bureaucratic orientation. The interrelated nature of a school's various subsystems is highlighted to point out how they can be coordinated so genuine restructuring can be achieved and maintained.

Each model of organization in a school--bureaucratic, systems, and communal--displays its own distinguishing characteristics, and each one governs different aspects of people's behavior in schools. The...