Laparoscopy is a new frontier of the surgical technique, which recently gained more and more popularity and credit upon the surgical teams, also in Urology. The reason stays in the reduced invasivity and in the advances on the techniques of "video-assisted surgery". More recently the retroperitoneal access to laparoscopy surgery ("retroperitoneoscopy" or "retroperitoneal laparoscopy") opened a new surgical approach to several diagnostic and operative procedures for a large number of urogenital tract diseases. The applications in pediatric and in adult age and the technical challenges are...