This text presents a rigorous application of modern electromagnetic field theory to atomic theory. The historical view of quantum theory was developed before four major physical principles were known, or understood. These are: (1) the standing energy that accompanies and encompasses electromagnetically active, electrically small volumes; (2) the power-frequency relationships in nonlinear systems; (3) the possible directivity of modal fields; and (4) electron nonlocality. The inclusion of these four effects yields a deterministic interpretation of quantum theory that is consistent with those...