It has been shown how the common structure that defines a family of proofs can be expressed as a proof plan 5]. This common structure can be exploited in the search for particular proofs. A proof plan has two complementary components: a proof method and a proof tactic. By prescribing the structure of a proof at the level of primitive inferences, a tactic 11] provides the guarantee part of the proof. In contrast, a method provides a more declarative explanation of the proof by means of preconditions. Each method has associated effects. The execution of the effects simulates the application...

While dealing with the design and operation of ion sources, this book additionally discusses the physics of ion formation of the various elements with different charge states and charge neutralization. Ion selection and beam diagnostics are equally included, and the presentation of the necessary equations and diagrams for the various parameters makes this a useful handbook for ion sources.

This book is designed for use as a supplement to the textbook "Plasticity for Structural Engineers" by W.F. Chen and D.J. Han (Springer-Verlag, 1988) or other plasticity texts. The purpose is to help students and structural engineers learn and practice how to solve typical engineering plasticity problems in general and, more importantly, how to use computers to solve plasticity problems in structural engineering in particular. To this end, specific numerical algorithms in the computer software implementation of the theory together with actual code development are given. A number of solved and...