This fully revised and updated new edition offers a detailed exposition of EC Directives, individual rights, and the protection of those rights in national courts. Throughout the text, the author's empirical argument is enriched by discussion of doctrine and theory. In an updated conclusion, the prospects of Directives in the future and in the light of the nascent European Constitution are discussed. The result is an extensive and in-depth analysis of Directives, the case-law of the ECJ, and legal writing on the topic, which also engages with the more practical issues of implementation and...

The recent rounds of enlargement have stretched the operational capacity of the European Union to the maximum, triggering a debate on the final shape and borders of the EU and prompting the Member States to review the framework of primary law on the basis of the failed Constitutional Treaty. Reconciling the desire to deepen European integration in several policy fields with the promises made to widen the Union with the current candidate countries (Croatia, Macedonia and Turkey) once they meet all criteria for membership is a big challenge, especially in view of the EU's ambitions to match the...