Early in 1986, the Commission of the European Community observed a number of developments in world aviation, which were seen to threaten continuing success of the European aeronautic industry. In particular, a remarkable increase in research and development activities was noticed worldwide. These observations prompted the Commission to approach nine major European aircraft companies with the sug gestion that action should be taken at Community level. It was decided that all European aircraft companies should collaborate, and a consortium was established to undertake "A Joint Study of EUROpean...