This biographical dictionary provides detailed accounts of the lives, works, influence and reception of thinkers from all the major philosophical schools and traditions of the 20th-century. This volume covers the lives and careers of thinkers from all areas of philosophy - from analytic philosophy to Zen and from formal logic to aesthetics. All the major figures of philosophy, such as Nietzsche, Wittgenstein and Russell are examined and analyzed. The scope of the work is not merely restricted to the major figures in western philosophy but also covers in depth a significant number of thinkers...