The last twenty five years have seen dramatic rises in the prison populations of most industrialised nations. Unable to keep up with increased numbers of convicted offenders, governments and criminal justice systems have been seeking new ways to control and punish offenders. One sanction adopted in Canada and some parts of Europe and the US is community custody which attempts to recreate the punitive nature of prison but without incarceration. This book analyzes the effectiveness of this approach and explores its implications for offenders and society as a whole. It demonstrates that if...

Using multiple data sources and methods, this book presents a micro-historical analysis of the nature of change and stability in homicidal situations over time. With a focus on the homicidal situation as the unit of analysis, it explores similarities and differences in the context of homicide for different social groups. Analysis of over 400,000 U.S. homicides is supplemented by qualitative analysis of narrative accounts of homicide events to more fully investigate their structure. Findings of homicidal situations across different time periods and social groups are then considered regarding...

Hedieh Nasheri investigates the current state of industrial espionage, revealing the far-reaching effects of advances in computing and wireless communications, in view of the recent revolution in information technology. Synthesizing perspectives from leading national and international authorities, Nasheri analyzes the historical and conceptual foundations of economic espionage, trade secret thefts, and industrial spying. She demonstrates how these activities impact society, and tracks the legislative and statutory efforts to control them. The international ramifications of economic espionage...

Why do corporations comply with the law? When companies violate the law, what kinds of interventions are most apt to return them to compliant status? The purpose of this book is to examine whether a shift toward the use of criminal law with its emphasis on punishment and stigmatization will be a successful crime control strategy. The author reviews whether current legal systems based in criminal, civil, and regulatory law "deter" corporate crime. She concludes that strict criminalization models that rely on punishments will not yield sufficiently high levels of compliance.

This book addresses how and why criminal offenders repeat their actions after being released from prison. It is part of an attempt to explain criminal behavior within the context of a contemporary psychological understanding of behavior, rather than more traditional theories of crime. Over 300 male criminal "repeat offenders" were interviewed and tested. The results indicate that their new offenses may be the result of something like a "breakdown." This report, written for a general audience, has important implications for release supervision, rehabilitation programs, and the prediction of...

The contributors to this book believe that something can be done to make life in American cities safer, to make growing up in urban ghettos less risky, and to reduce the violence that so often afflicts urban childhood. They consider why there is so much violence, why some people become violent and others do not, and why violence is more prevalent in some areas. The authors also discuss how the urban environment affects childhood development. They review a variety of intervention strategies and consider when it is appropriate to use them and towards whom they should be targeted.

Why do corporations comply with the law? When companies violate the law, what kinds of interventions are most apt to return them to compliant status? The purpose of this book is to examine whether a shift toward the use of criminal law with its emphasis on punishment and stigmatization will be a successful crime control strategy. The author reviews whether current legal systems based in criminal, civil, and regulatory law "deter" corporate crime. She concludes that strict criminalization models that rely on punishments will not yield sufficiently high levels of compliance.

Between 1965 and 1990, federal judges in almost all of the states handed down sweeping rulings that affected virtually every prison and jail in the United States. Without a doubt judges were the most important prison reformers during this period. This book provides an account of this process, and uses it to explore the more general issue of the role of courts in the modern bureaucratic state. It provides detailed accounts of how the courts formulated and sought to implement their orders, and how this action affected the traditional conception of federalism, separation of powers, and the rule...

Schools and Delinquency provides a comprehensive review and critique of the current research on the causes of delinquency, substance use, drop-out, and truancy, and the role of the school in preventing these behavior patterns. Examining school-based prevention programs and practices for grades K-12, the author identifies a broad array of effective and ineffective strategies. In the larger context of the community, she analyzes the special challenges to effective prevention programming that arise in disorganized settings, identifying ways to overcome these obstacles and make the most troubled...

Analysts have long noted that some societies have much higher rates of criminal violence than others. The risk of being a victim or a perpetrator of violent crime varies considerably from one individual to another. Some ethnic and racial groups have been reported to have higher rates of violent offending and victimization than other groups in societies with ethnically and racially diverse populations. This series of essays explores the extent and causes of racial and ethnic differences in violent crime in the U.S. and several other contemporary societies.