At present there are going on decisive developments in the introduc tion of physiological thinking into anaesthesiological practice. These innovative motion comprises applications taken from space physiolo gy, closed-circuit ventilation systems, neurophysiologic control of cir culation and ventilation together with innovative aspects of circulation physiology and respiration physiology. Involved are innovative aspects of neuromuscular blockade, volatile anaesthetics, cardiorespiratoric monitoring, haemodilution and blood substitution. Special emphasis is put on demonstrating the closed...