Andrew von Hirsch addresses a number of emerging conceptual questions concerning the proportionality of criminal sentences, an approach that is gaining influence worldwide including in England where the Criminal Justice Act of 1991 made proportionality the primary criterion for determining sentences. This study deals with how the idea of penal censure justifies proportionate sentences, how a penalty scale should be "anchored" in order to reduce overall punishment levels, how non-custodial penalties should be graded and used, and how political pressures impinge on sentencing policies. It...

Restorative Justice has emerged around the world as a potent challenge to traditional models of criminal justice, and restorative programs, policies and legislative reforms are being implemented in many western nations. However, the underlying aims, values and limits of this new paradigm remain somewhat uncertain and those advocating Restorative Justice have rarely engaged in systematic debate with those defending more traditional conceptions of criminal justice. This volume, containing contributions from scholars of international renown, provides an analytic exploration of Restorative...

Restorative Justice has emerged around the world as a potent challenge to traditional models of criminal justice, and restorative programs, policies and legislative reforms are being implemented in many western nations. However, the underlying aims, values and limits of this new paradigm remain somewhat uncertain and those advocating Restorative Justice have rarely engaged in systematic debate with those defending more traditional conceptions of criminal justice. This volume, containing contributions from scholars of international renown, provides an analytic exploration of Restorative...

This book addresses the ethics of situational crime prevention. Are situational crime prevention strategies likely to constrain unduly people's freedom of movement? Do such strategies involve an intrusive scrutiny of people's everyday activities? Can ethical principles be developed that would help distinguish acceptable from unacceptable forms of intervention? It also examines the place of situational crime prevention within criminology. To what extent does its emergence represent a basic shift in thinking about the nature of crime, and about prospects and strategies for dealing with it? To...

Prohibitions against offensive conduct have existed for many years, but their extent and use was on the decline. Recently however, several jurisdictions-including England and Wales-have moved to broaden the reach and severity of measures against -incivilities-. New UK measures include expanded targeting of unpopular forms of public conduct, such as begging, and legislation authorizing magistrates to issue prohibitory orders against anti-social behavior. Because these quality-of-life prohibitions can be so restrictive of personal liberties, it is essential to develop adequate guiding and...