This study aimed to Assess the prevalence of HCV infection among high risk group of Egyptian children and Evaluate the detection of HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) and HCV RNA in saliva against their detection in serum among HCV positive children.This study included 200 children (92 males and 108 females) who were attendants of Haematology Clinic at Abu El-Reish Hospital, Cairo University, for receiving frequent blood transfusions. Serum and saliva samples were analyzed for detection of anti-HCV by ELISA technique and for HCV RNA by a home made RT-PCR method. Liver function tests were performed...