Camus, Sartre, and Beauvoir in France. Eich, Richter, and Boll in Germany Pavese, Levi, and Silone in Italy These are among the defenders of human dignity whose lives and work are explored in this widely encompassing work. James D. Wilkinson examines for the first time the cultural impact of the anti-Fascist literary movements in Europe and the search of intellectuals for renewal--for social change through moral endeavor--during World War II and its immediate aftermath.