This book describes techniques used to predict the quality of images formed by optical systems, such as telescopes, camera lenses, and microscope objectives. It covers in detail how the ray and wave pictures of lens behavior can be combined and developed to produce a theory capable of dealing with the large angles encountered in real optical systems. Several applications are considered, including the propagation of a Gaussian beam along a skew ray, a clear and convincing demonstration that diffractive optical elements are subject to the same fundamental limitation as conventional lenses, a...

This book describes techniques used to predict the quality of images formed by optical systems, such as telescopes, camera lenses, and microscope objectives. It covers in detail how the ray and wave pictures of lens behavior can be combined and developed to produce a theory capable of dealing with the large angles encountered in real optical systems. Several applications are considered, including the propagation of a Gaussian beam along a skew ray, a clear and convincing demonstration that diffractive optical elements are subject to the same fundamental limitation as conventional lenses, a...

"the immediate excess poems" contains the prerequiisite 'streams of consciousness' and abstractness usually considered in art or poems. This volume also combines a straightforward style of 'story-poem' the author (partial pen name a. walther) uses to describe the, sometimes, very simple steps to finding life in art and vice versa. Whether critical or prasing the views and "excesses" in these poems range from tv, movies, music, jazz, and, of course, politics and religion. In art (the poem) should never look to conform to convention.