The substantial political changes in Eastern Europe and Russia since 1989 have been accompanied by the attempted transfer, imposition, and imitation of labor relations practices from other market economies. The authors address the extent to which these transferred labor-relations institutions are likely to take root and offer a comparative analysis of changing labor relations at national level in a range of countries.

Any attempt by governments to stem the tide of early retirement will need to focus as much on employers' management of human resources as on the impacts of social policy. This report focuses on this previously neglected area: employers' policies and practice as a dynamic force in retirement decisions. Drawing on data from a series of organisational case studies that situate the individual's decisions and experience in the context of employers' age management policies, the report examines how the retirement process is currently managed in a range of organisations; identifies barriers to...