In 1995, Danish filmmaker Lars von Trier ("Breaking the Waves, Dancer in the Dark, Dogville") and three fellow Danish directors swore allegiance to a "vow of chastity" aimed at jolting filmmakers around the world who had become stuck in the mire of slick, emotionally manipulative, high-concept, and bombastic movie productions. They named their philosophy "Dogme95," and its tenets demanded a return to the basic core of filmmaking: the use of natural lighting and a hand-held camera, and the refusal to use special effects, a soundtrack of any kind (only natural sounds found on location were...