Changes in the initial stages of the evaluation process over the last decade are reflected in How to Focus an Evaluation. A new book in the series, this volume replaces the first edition's How to Deal with Goals and Objectives. The volume recognizes that deciding what to evaluate is a complex negotiation process that involves the methodological predisposition of the evaluator and the client, client needs, the nature of the programme and the constraints surrounding the evaluation. It outlines five models that characterize different methodological approaches and considers how each may...

This report describes a framework used to organize available empirical information on one form of performance-based management, a performance-based accountability system (PBAS), which identifies individuals or organizations that must change their behavior to improve an activity1s performance, an incentive structure to motivate those changes, and measures tailored to inform the incentive structure.

The authors analyze the systems of three districts and two states that have begun or are planning to incorporate measures of student performance into teacher evaluations. They examine how the systems are addressing assessment quality, evaluating teachers in nontested subjects and grades, and assigning teachers responsibility for particular students. The authors also discuss measurement challenges for policymakers to consider.