A prominent figure in the Scottish Enlightenment, William Robertson differed from his better-known contemporaries, such as Voltaire, Hume and Gibbon, because he used the critical tools of the Enlightenment not to attack religion but to strengthen it. As a historian, he helped shape 18th-century historiography. As a minister of the Church of Scotland, he sought to make the church fit for a polite age. And, as principal of the University of Edinburgh, he presided over a flourishing of intellectual inquiry in the midst of the Enlightenment. But despite his European fame, he was a controversial...

This is the first biography to see William Robertson as both a man and a central Enlightenment figure. Drawing extensively on his unpublished correspondence, and foregrounding Robertson's religious outlook, Jeffrey R. Smitten gives us offers a more nuanced interpretation of his motives, intentions, and beliefs than ever before.