Offers an empirical, total'' system approach that determines which characteristics of managers enable them to be effective in various management jobs. Presents a large-scale, intensive study (2,000 managers holding 41 different jobs in 12 organizations) that provides a context for identifying the special characteristics, as well as assessing and developing managerial talent. Develops a logical, integrated model of managerial competence that explains the relationship of these characteristics to each other, to the functions of the management job, and to the key aspects of the internal...