Eighty-five percent of Black African migrants to France come from a single ethnic group in a single region of West Africa. The Soninke have the oldest tradition of labor migration within Africa and were also probably the first itinerant traders of West Africa; an important proportion continue to be merchants today. The first major study of the Soninke labor migration within Africa and to France, "Willing Migrants" is based upon critical analysis of French precolonial and colonial records and oral interviews with Soninke migrants. Francois Manchuelle shows that these migrations were driven...
Eighty-five percent of Black African migrants to France come from a single ethnic group in a single region of West Africa. The Soninke have the oldest...
The first major study of the Soninke labor migration within Africa and to France, Willing Migrants is based upon a critical analysis of French precolonial and colonial records and interviews with Soninke migrants. Francois Manchuelle shows that these migrations were driven by a search for improved economic options and that these labor movements have a great deal in common with European and American migrations.
The first major study of the Soninke labor migration within Africa and to France, Willing Migrants is based upon a critical analysis of French precolo...
