"An evolutionary event" wrote John Pfeiffer in the New York Times Book Review when Sociobiology was published in 1975, "announcing for all who can hear that we are on the verge of breakthroughs in the effort to understand our place in the scheme of things." Praised by many and damned by some, Sociobiology provided the framework for a new science--the study of the biological basis for social behavior in every species, from the lowliest amoeba colony to modern human society.

In this abridged edition, Edward O. Wilson trims his monumental work to its essential...