This work describes the historical evolution of a critical aspect of aerospace technology--avionics and navigation systems. This history is important to understanding current and future issues associated with aeronautics, space-flight development, and flight management, because avionics is crucial to commerical air traffic control and space flight. Samuel Fishbein provides a historical overview of aviation electronics and instrumentation, the evolution of automated systems and their integration, and the role of the pilot in this environment. In addition, he reviews the major elements...