This volume ranges in time over a very long period and covers the Greeks' most original contributions to intellectual history. It begins and ends with philosophy, but it also includes major sections on historiography and oratory. Although each of these areas had functions which in the modern world would not be considered literary, the ancients made a less sharp distinction between intellectual and artistic production, and the authors included in this volume are some of Europe's most powerful stylists: Plato, Herodotus, Thucydides and Demosthenes.

The emphasis of this volume is on Greek literature produced in the period between the foundation of Alexandria late in the fourth century B.C. and the end of the 'high empire' in the third century A.D. Here we see a shift away from the city states of the Greek mainland to the new centres of culture and power, first Alexandria under the Ptolemies and then imperial Rome, Greek literature, being traditionally cosmopolitan, adapted to these changes with remarkable success, and through the efficiency of the Hellenistic educational system Greek literary culture became the essential mark of an...

In this volume, Professor Knox provides the first full-scale commentary in English in this century on a selection from Ovid's Heroides, a collection of letters in elegiac verse supposedly addressed by heroines of mythology to their absent lovers or husbands. This edition is intended to provide students of Latin literature with guidance in the interpretation of these poems. The Introduction also includes a general account of Ovid's career and the place of the Heroides in the development of Augustan poetry.

The focus of this account is how myth and formal argument in the dialogue Phaedrus complement and reinforce each other in Plato's philosophy. Not only is the dialogue in its formal structure a joining of myth and argument, but the philosophic life that it praises is also shaped by the limitations of argument and the importance of mythical and poetic understanding. The book is written for anyone seriously interested in Plato's thought and in the history of literary theory or of rhetoric. No knowledge of Greek is required.

This edition offers the first full-scale commentary on the neglected second book of Lucan's epic poem on the civil war between Caesar and Pompey: De bello civili. It pays particular attention to Lucan's inheritance from Virgil's Augustan epic and response to its challenge. The introduction gives a general account of Lucan's life and work, a discussion of his narrative, a survey of language, style and meter, and a brief history of the text. The commentary offers assistance with grammar and translation and aims to provide the political, historical and geographical background to Lucan's epic...

This edition is the first since J.D. Denniston's of 1926 to present the Latin text and commentary on the First and Second Philippics, two of Cicero's most polished orations, composed less than six months after the murder of Julius Caesar in March 44 BC. This period--roughly 63-44 BC--is important because the Roman state was in transition from Republic to Empire. The Second Philippic not only presents Cicero's assessment of his own political career and his place in Roman history from a perspective late in his life, but it also provides a vivid eyewitness account of how Julius Caesar, with the...

Book IV of Ovid's celebration of the calendar and the associated legends of the Roman year treats the month of April, a particularly happy phase of the Augustan ceremonial year. Around the festival of Venus and the anniversary of the foundation of Rome, Ovid retells the legends of Rome's royal founder Romulus and the Trojan hero Aeneas. The introduction and commentary pay special attention to Ovid's art as a poet, but aim to provide both the general background and specific explanations of his historical and religious material.

This study examines the literary complexities of the poetry Ovid wrote in Tomis, the poet's place of exile on the Black Sea after he was banished from Rome by the emperor Augustus in A.D. 8. Exile transforms Ovid into a melancholic poet of despair who claims that his creative faculties are in terminal decline. These claims are contested in this study through close and original analysis of the literary maneuvers that contradict Ovid's pose. The evidence thus revealed counteracts traditional scholarly antipathy to these poems.

The book offers an interpretation of Euripides' The Trojan Women that issues from the argument that the function of Greek tragedy was to educate. The author demonstrates that the play performs its function by examining Athenian ideology. By making the didactic function of tragedy the basis of his interpretation, N.T. Croally is able to offer a coherent view on a number of long-standing problems in Euripidean criticism, such as the relation of Euripides to the Sophists.

The seventy-eight letters in this Anthology are selected both for their intrinsic interest and to illustrate the range of functions letters performed in the ancient world. Dating from between c.500 BC and c.400 AD, they include naive and high-style, "real" and "fictitious," and classical and patristic items.