The Willamette River in Oregon and the Vistula River in Poland are use d to illustrate the dynamic and restoration processes. Each river is i n a different stage of restoration and is subjected to different degre es of stress from agriculture, industry, and urbanization. The Willame tte is an internationally cited example of a restored river, while the Vistula is a river that has just recently begun the restoration proce ss. Contrasts and comparisons of the two river systems enable readers to learn the limitations of restoration processes and what is involved in the different stages of...