This study of Cardinal Richelieu's career as chief minister to Louis XIII of France presents the original research of eight experts in the field. Linking their work is the belief that Richelieu's ministry was a significant moment in the history of early modern France. The authors reject the traditional picture of Richelieu as the single-handed creator of the French absolute state and the original exponent of Realpolitik. Instead they paint a collective portrait of a statesman politically astute but none the less devout. The Richelieu who emerges is in many respects a conservative figure, but...

This book is a rich, lively, and provocative introduction to seventeenth century Europe. Editor Joseph Bergin and six major authors explore such major issues as economy, society, politics, war, international relations, science, and thought and culture ('The Age of Curiosity'). The book also examines Europe in the wider world.

Cardinal Richelieu (1583-1642) did more than anyone else to lay the foundations of the French hegemony in Europe and of absolute monarchy in his own country. He was a spokesman for power politics, the idea of raison d'etat, and the right of rulers to the unquestioning obedience of their subjects. He was, in addition, one of the richest men in the entire history of France. Joseph Bergin's study of his wealth--the first full-scale analysis of the fortune of a leading political figure of the ancient regime--reveals the multiple connections that existed at that time between the...

This text is designed for students in computer programming or as a supplement for a computer science course. The main goal of the text is to help students and instructors move from the world of Pascal and structured programming into the object-oriented design paradigms of C++. Software available to accompany the book allows students to apply techniques practically.