This is a hands on reference guide for scientists working in the area of medicine, biology, chemistry, physics, materials science, sensor and biosensor, devices and nanotechnology. The first volume compiles topics from leading authors on medicinal and bio-related applications while the second volume covers topics ranging from materials and fundamental applications. In-depth and comprehensive coverage of topics combined with the perspectives for future research by the contributing authors. This is an invaluable reference source must for both beginning and advanced researches in the field.