Development has been elusive for Latin America in the 1990s. Notwithstanding tough neoliberal reforms, defeated hyperinflation, and large capital inflows, development of productive capacity and social equity shows a poor performance. These selected essays discuss the analytical bases of a pragmatic policy-oriented approach alternative to neoliberalism. They also analyze macroeconomic management, trade and financial liberalization in recent years.

This is the second collection of the well established Antonius Lectures given at St. Antony's College, Oxford. The contributors cover different aspects of Arab studies including nationalism, literature, economics, the Gulf War and the Palestinian problem. A wide ranging and unusual collection of stimulating essays of great interest to all involved with the Arab world.

This book focuses on the question of whether or not the Russian Empire represented a well-organized plan for territorial conquest.

This book examines the response of British policy-makers to the collapse of belief in racial superiority, and with it the ideological basis of empire, following the fall of Singapore in 1942. The book studies the Anglo-American debate in which British officials, led by Lord Hailey, countered American criticisms of imperial rule by emphasizing economic development and peace-keeping as new, non-racial justifications for western authority. These are themes that have retained a powerful resonance on the post-war world.

This book examines the process of Spanish integration into the European Community, from 1962, when Spain under the Franco regime applied to the European Community, to 1985, when democratic Spain became a member of the EEC. It aims to prove that, first, the European Community was the crucial external factor determining political change in Spain and, second, that Europeanism was a mechanism of political change, as it was the only aim which unified the whole political spectrum from the Francoist establishment to the democratic opposition.

Julie M. Newton's analysis of Franco-Russian relations brings to light fundamental questions of international relations. Analysing the relationship from 1958 to the present day, the author highlights ideas and identity as primary causes of the change in Moscow's Westpolitik. Russia, France and the Idea of Europe also examines how, since 1991, Western actions have frayed Russia's identification with Europe, with potentially negative consequences for future Russian-Western relations.

What impact do political parties have on women's political representation and on state gender policies? Does this vary at national and local levels? This study looks at the National Women's Ministry in Chile, a country of ideological conflict, strong parties and centralized government and the leftwing Brazilian Workers' Party, characterised by clientelism, weak parties and decentralization.

In 1936 a group of Chinese communists were released from jail after a humiliating renunciation of communism. The Chinese Communist Party then secretly employed them to galvanise support in nationalist areas of the country. It later condemned the members of this group as renegades before finally rehabilitating them in 1978. Pamela Lubell uncovers the fascinating history of these communists, known as the Sixty-one, and in doing so produces a revealing account of the tensions within the Chinese Communist Party.

The transformation in Chinese social theory in the twentieth century placed the rural-urban divide at the centre of individual identity. In 1500, such distinctions were insignificant and it was the emergence of political reforms in the early 1920s and 1930s which separated cities and towns as agents of social change and encouraged a perception of rural backwardness. This interdisciplinary collection traces the development and distinctions between urban and rural life and the effect on the Chinese sense of identity from the sixteenth century to the present day. It provides a daunting example...

Mohamad Tavakoli-Targhi offers a corrective to recent works on Orientalism that focus solely on European scholarly productions without exploring the significance of native scholars and vernacular scholarship to the making of Oriental studies. He brings to light a wealth of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Indo-Persian texts, made 'homeless' by subsequent nationalist histories and shows how they relate to Indo-Iranian modernity. In doing so, he argues for a radical rewriting of Iranian history with profound implications for Islamic debates on gender.