The energy momentum tensor (EMT) is one of the most fundamental observables in physics. Recently, a novel method to define EMT on the basis of the gradient-flow formalism has been proposed. It turned out that the EMT operator can be constructed even on the lattice with the method, which enables non-perturbative computations. This approach has been successfully applied to the analyses on thermodynamic quantities.This book presents the study on spatial EMT distributions around static charges via the gradient flow in lattice simulations based on SU(3) Yang-Mills theory. Static charges are...

This book proposes a novel concept for molecular recognition. In the field of asymmetric synthesis approaching the mature science, asymmetric discrimination and catalytic synthesis of chiral supramolecules still stand as unsolved problems. The extreme difficulty in asymmetric synthesis of such supramolecules may result from the mobile nature of supramolecular chirality. Here the author shows the first highly enantioselective synthesis of mechanically chiral supramolecules. In the presence of a chiral organocatalyst, a mechanically planar chiral rotaxane was obtained with p erfect...

This book presents novel contributions in the development of solid-state-transformer (SST) technology both for medium-voltage (MV) and low-voltage (LV) utility grid interfaces, which can potentially augment the grid modernization process in the evolving power system paradigm. For the MV interface, a single-stage AC-DC SST submodule topology has been proposed, and its modulation and soft-switching possibilities are analysed, experimentally validated and adequately benchmarked. A control scheme with power balance capability among submodules is developed for MV grid-connected single-stage AC-DC...

Line intensity mapping (LIM) is an observational technique that probes the large-scale structure of the Universe by collecting light from a wide field of the sky. This book demonstrates a novel analysis method for LIM using machine learning (ML) technologies. The author develops a conditional generative adversarial network that separates designated emission signals from sources at different epochs. It thus provides, for the first time, an efficient way to extract signals from LIM data with foreground noise. The method is complementary to conventional statistical methods such as...

This book addresses the comprehensive understanding of Ni-rich layered oxide of lithium-ion batteries cathodes materials, especially focusing on the effect of dopant on the intrinsic and extrinsic effect to its host materials. This book can be divided into three parts, that is, 1. overall understanding of layered oxide system, 2. intrinsic effect of dopant on layered oxides, and 3. extrinsic effect of dopant on layered oxides. To truly understand and discover the fundamental solution (e.g. doping) to improve the Ni-rich layered oxides cathodic performance, understanding the foundation of...

This book reports the establishment of a single-atomic layer metal of In and a novel (In, Mg) ultrathin film on Si(111) surfaces. A double-layer phase of In called “rect” has been extensively investigated as a two-dimensional metal. Another crystalline phase called “hex” was also suggested, but it had not been established due to difficulty in preparing the sample. The author succeeded in growing the large and high-quality sample of the hex phase and revealed that it is a single-layer metal. The author also established a new triple-atomic layer (In, Mg) film with a nearly freestanding...

This thesis highlights the study into the structures and dynamics of interfacial water, which is a cutting edge issue in condensed matter physics. Using the first principles calculation, classical molecular dynamics simulation and the simulation of atomic force microscopy (AFM), combined with the experimental results of AFM, the book systematically studies interfacial water at the atomic scale, especially the structure and growth mechanism of two-dimensional ice on hydrophobic Au (111) surface, the structure and the interconversion of the Eigen/Zundel hydrated proton on the Au(111) and...

The book provides theoretical methods of connecting discrete-variable quantum information processing to continuous-variable one. It covers the two major fields of quantum information processing, quantum communication and quantum computation, leading to achievement of a long-sought full security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (QKD) and proposal of a resource-efficient method for optical quantum computing.Firstly, the book provides a security of continuous-variable QKD against arbitrary attacks under a realistic condition such as finite communication rounds and the use of...

This book reports on the design and testing of an sEMG-based control strategy for a fully-wearable low-cost hand exoskeleton.  It describes in detail the modifications carried out to the electronics of a previous prototype, covering in turn the implementation of an innovative sEMG classifier for predicting the wearer's motor intention and driving the exoskeleton accordingly. While similar classifier have been widely used for motor intention prediction, their application to wearable device control has been neglected so far. Thus, this book fills a gap in the literature providing readers...

This book describes a detailed multi-scale approach integrating nano- (active site), meso- (porous catalyst architecture) and macroscale (reactor) efforts, to address the challenges of producing a better epoxidation catalyst.It contains an in-depth study of the design and synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their application as a catalyst for direct gas phase propylene epoxidation. “Direct” means using only hydrogen and oxygen in one step, which is key for sustainable manufacturing, as opposed to commercialised, more complex production routes requiring multiple steps, or integration with...