Topics include the theory of atom tunneling reactions, conclusive evidence and controlling factors for such reactions in solid hydrogen, tunneling dislocation motion, coherent tunneling diffusion, the production of interstellar molecules and semiconductors using tunneling reactions, the effect of atom tunneling on molecular structure and crystalline structure, the suppression of mutation and cancer by an atom tunneling reaction of vitamin C, and atom tunneling reactions of vitamin E and of enzymes.

The concept of squeezing is intimately related to the idea of vacuum fluctu ations, once thought to place an absolute limit to the accuracy of measure ment. However, vacuum fluctuations are not unchangeable. By recognizing that these quantum fluctuations always occur in two complementary observ ables, physicists have been able to make an intriguing trade-off. Reduced fluctuations in one variable can be realized - at the expense of increased fluctuations in another, according to Heisenberg. This Heisenberg 'horse-trade' - originally predicted by theorists - was first accomplished...

Investigation of the kinetic processes occurring in the atmospheric gases and low temperature plasmas of such gases is of great interest for numerous areas of modern physics and chemistry. These include discharge and laser physics, physics of the ionosphere, chemistry and optics of the atmosphere, laser and plasma chemistry, and nonequilibrium gas dynamics. Further, nonequilibrium gaseous media and low temperature plasmas formed from N2, 02, or N2-02 mixtures are rich in active components such as 0, N, and H atoms and ex- cited metastable species, which fostered the utilization of such...

This book completes the physical foundations and experimental techniques described in volume 1 with an updated review of the accessory equipment indispensable in molecular beam experiments. It extends the subject to cluster beams and beams of hyperthermal and subthermal energies.

This book aims to give a comprehensive view on the present status of a tremendously fast-developing field - the quantum dynamics of fragmenting many-particle Coulomb systems. In striking contrast to the profound theo- retical knowledge, achieved from extremely precise experimental results on the static atomic and molecular structure, it was only three years ago when the three-body fundamental dynamical problem of breaking up the hydro- gen atom by electron impact was claimed to be solved in a mathematically consistent way. Until now, more "complicated," though still fundamental scenarios, ad-...