This book deals with various physical and chemical phenomena associated with the interaction of a solid surface in a gaseous environment. The authors have gone through a vast body of experimental material on the structure and prop erties of dielectric and semiconductor surfaces from the point of view of ad sorption and catalysis. They have attempted to look into mechanisms of these processes and to outline the ways of controlling them, as long as this seemed possible. A great deal of attention is paid to considering th nature of ac tive surface sites responsible for chemisorption, catalytic...

In the 12 years that have passed since the publication of Riintgenspektren und chemische Bindung, the original German work on which- this text is based, several aspects of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy have devel- oped rapidly. After accepting the suggestion of Dr. R.D. Deslattes that a translation should be prepared, we thoroughly revised the book in order to include these recent developments in theory, equipment and applications. The latest reSearch results and publications that had appeared by 1987/1988 have been taken into account in the analysis. However, as the general treatment of...

The motivating idea of the first Topical Meeting on Picosecond Phenomena, which took place at Hilton Head Island in 1978, was to bring together scien tists and engineers in a congenial setting who were developing picosecond lasers with those who were applying them to problems in chemistry, physics, electronics, and biology. The field has advanced remarkably in the following six years. This is reflected in the size of the conference which has more than doubled in the past six years and now includes scientists from many countries around the world. As evidenced by the papers in this volume, the...

Nitrogen dioxide (N0 ) is notorious for its complex visible spectrum and has 2 frustrated many chemists and physicists. Despite their intense investigations the molecule still resists complete analysis of its spectrum. Because of the high density of lines, it is apparent that high-resolution measurements are essential to a thorough understanding of the spectrum. The major part of this book consists of an atlas, described in Chap. 2, of the absorption spectrum and the Stark modulation spectrum of N0 mea 2 sured using a cw dye laser. The narrow spectral width as well as the wide scan range of...

It is a great challenge in chemistry to clarify every detail of reaction processes. In older days chemists mixed starting materials in a flask and took the resul tants out of it after a while, leaving all the intermediate steps uncleared as a sort of black box. One had to be content with only changing temperature and pressure to accelerate or decelerate chemical reactions, and there was almost no hope of initiating new reactions. However, a number of new techniques and new methods have been introduced and have provided us with a clue to the examination of the black box of chemical reaction....

The workshop on "Antennas and Reaction Centers of Photosynthetic Bac teria" was held at Feldafing, Bavaria (F. R. G. )' March 23-25, 1985. This workshop focussed on primary processes with emphasis on structure, inter actions and dynamics. It assessed structural, spectroscopic and dynamic data which have accumulated recently, providing an overview of the mech anism of the acquisition, storage and useful disposal of energy in bacterial photosynthesis. This volume is a record of the invited papers presented at the workshop. The material was organized into five sections: I. Antennas: Structure...

The history of physics furnishes many examples of how a simple semiem pirical method, essentially based on intuitive considerations, may prove to be much more successful than a rigorous theoretical approach. A pertinent example is the method of atom-atom potentials, which treats the intermolec ular interactions between polyatomic molecules in terms of pairwise inter actions between their constituent atoms. Despite a few conceptual short comings, the method provides a fairly reliable practical means of handling, on a microscopic level, a wide range of problems that arise in the solid-state...

This volume contains the proceedings of the Fifth International Confer- ence on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS V), held at the Capitol Holiday Inn, Washington, DC, USA, from September 30 to October 4, 1985. The conference was the fifth in a series of conferences held bienni- ally. Previous conferences were held in Miinster (1977), Stanford (1979), Budapest (1981), and Osaka (1983). SIMS V was organized by Dr. R. J. Colton of the Nayal Research Lab- oratory and Dr. D. S. Simons of the National Bureau of Standards un- der the auspices of the International Organizing Committee chaired by...

The aim of this book is to give a unified and critical account of the fundamental aspects of liquid crystals. Preference is given to discussing the assumptions made in developing theories and analyzing experimental data rather than to attempting to compile all the latest results. The book has four parts. Part I is quite descriptive in character and gives a general overview of the various liquid crystalline phases. Part II deals with the macroscopic continuum theory of liquid crystals and gives a systematic development of the theory from a tensorial point of view thus emphasizing the relevant...

Chemical reaction systems of practical interest are usually very complex: They consist of a large number of elementary reactions (hundreds or thou sands in a small system), mostly with rate coefficients differing by many orders of magnitude, which leads to serious stiffness, and they are often coupled with surface reaction steps and convective or diffusive processes. Thus, the derivation of a "true" chemical mechanism can be extremely cumbersome. In most cases this is done by setting up "reaction models" which are improved step by step using, for example, perturbation theory, numerical...