The main topic in this book is the low temperature selective spectroscopy of impurity centers. It deals not only with the well developed methods of selective spectroscopy of molecular ensembles such as spectral hole-burning, fluorescence line-narrowing and femtosecond photon echoes, but also new methods of nanospectroscopy such as single-molecule spectroscopy. Both the ory and experimental data are discussed. Theory united with experimental data enables one to organize the experimental facts. This organization is of great importance, especially for young researchers and students, because it...

Recently, molecular electronics, especially that utilizing single molecules, has been attracting much attention. This is mainly because the theoretical limit is approaching in the present silicon-based technology, and the development of an alternative process is strongly desired. Single-molecule electronics is aimed at a breakthrough toward the next generation of computing systems. By designing and synthesizing highly functionalized molecules of nanometer size and incorporating these molecules into electrical circuits, we shall obtain much dense and high-speed processors. The concept of...

In this monograph, the density ?uctuation theory of transport coe?cients of simple and complex liquids is described together with the kinetic theory of liquids, the generic van der Waals equation of state, and the modi?ed free volume theory. The latter two theories are integral parts of the density ?- tuation theory, which enables us to calculate the density and temperature dependence of transport coe?cients of liquids from intermolecular forces. The terms nanoscience and bioscience are the catch phrases currently in fashion in science. It seems that much of the fundamentals remaining...

The frontiers in ultrafast intense laser science are rapidly expanding thanks to the progress in ultrashort and high-power laser technologies, and the interd- ciplinary nature of this research ?eld is attracting researchers with di?erent expertise and backgrounds. As in the ?rst two volumes of PUILS, each chapter in the present volume, whose page length is in the range of 15 to 25 pages, begins with an int- duction in which clear and concise accounts of the signi?cance of the topics is described, followed by a description of the authors' most recent research results. All chapters are...

This book gives a comprehensive overview and introduction to analytical techniques for electrochemistry. It provides as complete an overview as possible and enables the reader to choose methods most suitable for tackling a particular task.

It is a great pleasure that we are now publishing the fourth volume of the series on PUILS, through which we have been introducing the progress in ultrafast intense laser science, the frontiers of which are rapidly expanding, thanks to the progress in ultrashort and high-power laser technologies. The interdisciplinary nature of this research ?eld is attracting researchers with di?erent expertise and backgrounds. As in the previousvolumeson PUILS, each chapter in the presentvolume, which is in the range of 15-25 pages, begins with an introduction in which a clear and concise account of the...

Quantum mechanics and the Schrodinger equation are the basis for the de scription of the properties of atoms, molecules, and nuclei. The development of reliable, meaningful solutions for the energy eigenfunctions of these many is a formidable problem. The usual approach for obtaining particle systems the eigenfunctions is based on their variational extremum property of the expectation values of the energy. However the complexity of these variational solutions does not allow a transparent, compact description of the physical structure. There are some properties of the wave functions in some...

Using various examples throughout the text, this volume describes the potential of solid base catalysis. Readers will find an overview of solid base catalysis and the versatility of the reactions to which solid base catalysts can be utilized.

This is the first of a series of books on Ultrafast Intense Laser Science, a newly emerging interdisciplinary research field that spans atomic and molecular physics, molecular science, and optical science. It covers intense VUV laser-cluster interaction, resonance and chaos-assisted tunneling, and the effects of the carrier-envelope phase on high-order harmonic generation.

Thermodynamics is one of the foundations of science. The subject has been developed for systems at equilibrium for the past 150 years. The story is di?erent for systems not at equilibrium, either time-dependent systems or systems in non-equilibrium stationary states; here much less has been done, even though the need for this subject has much wider applicability. We have been interested in, and studied, systems far from equilibrium for 40 years and present here some aspects of theory and experiments on three topics: Part I deals with formulation of thermodynamics of systems far from...