Knowledge about the outer heliosphere and the interstellar medium, which were long treated as two separate fields, has improved dramatically over the past 25 years as a consequence of recent developments: The discovery of interstellar pickup ions and neutral helium inside the heliosphere, the determination of the interstellar hydrogen distribution in the heliosphere obtained using backscattered solar Lyman-alpha radiation, the prediction and subsequent detection of the hydrogen wall just outside of the heliopause, the development of detailed global models for the interaction of solar wind...
Knowledge about the outer heliosphere and the interstellar medium, which were long treated as two separate fields, has improved dramatically over t...
Starting in 1995 numerical modeling of the Earth s dynamo has ourished with remarkable success. Direct numerical simulation of convection-driven MHD- ow in a rotating spherical shell show magnetic elds that resemble the geomagnetic eld in many respects: they are dominated by the axial dipole of approximately the right strength, they show spatial power spectra similar to that of Earth, and the magnetic eld morphology and the temporal var- tion of the eld resembles that of the geomagnetic eld (Christensen and Wicht 2007). Some models show stochastic dipole reversals whose details agree with...
Starting in 1995 numerical modeling of the Earth s dynamo has ourished with remarkable success. Direct numerical simulation of convection-driven MHD- ...
Presents a comprehensive synopsis of the current state of cosmic rays, their modulation and their effects in the Earth's atmosphere.
Leading scientists in the field assess the current state of our understanding of the spatial and temporal variations of galactic and anomalous cosmic rays in the Heliosphere, and their relation to effects of the Sun. The main objective is to understand the spatial and temporal variation of galactic and anomalous cosmic rays in the light of recent observations, theory and modeling by identifying the key mechanism(s) of cosmic ray modulation and how...
Presents a comprehensive synopsis of the current state of cosmic rays, their modulation and their effects in the Earth's atmosphere.
Observing our Universe and its evolution with ever increasing sensitivity from ground-based or space-borne telescopes is posing great challenges to Fundamental Physics and Astronomy. The remnant cosmic microwave background, as beautifully measured by successive space missions COBE, WMAP, and now PLANCK, provides a unique probe of the very early stages of our Universe. The red-shift of atomic lines in distant galaxies, the dynamics of pulsars, the large scale structure of galaxies, and black holes are a few manifestations of the theory of General Relativity. Yet, today, we understand only 4%...
Observing our Universe and its evolution with ever increasing sensitivity from ground-based or space-borne telescopes is posing great challenges to Fu...
Significant progress has been made in the study of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D QSAR) since the first publication by Richard Cramer in 1988 and the first volume in the series. 3D QSAR in Drug Design. Theory, Methods and Applications, published in 1993. The aim of that early book was to contribute to the understanding and the further application of CoMFA and related approaches and to facilitate the appropriate use of these methods. Since then, hundreds of papers have appeared using the quickly developing techniques of both 3D QSAR and computational...
Significant progress has been made in the study of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D QSAR) since the first publicati...
The variability of the Sun is well established, as well as that of the Earth's climate. To what extent the two are connected, in the sense that solar variability drives climate, is the subject of considerable research and, in some cases, controversy. After an earlier workshop at the International Space Science Institute (ISS ) on Solar Composition and its Evolution, two ofthe participants came up with the idea to initiate a similar project on the topic of Solar Variability and Climate, a work- shop aimed at obtaining an overview of the current knowledge of the variability of the Sun and of...
The variability of the Sun is well established, as well as that of the Earth's climate. To what extent the two are connected, in the sense that solar ...
The clinical use of nuclear cardiology for the assessment of myocardial ischemia continues to grow at an unprecedented rate. Part of the reason for this growth is the technical advances in single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). SPECT has been shown to provide high contrast images superior to planar imaging techniques. An important and recent technical advancement in SPECT has been ECG-gated myocardial perfusion SPECT to generate simultaneous myocardial perfusion and function information from a single study. Automated, quantitative techniques have facilitated the widespread...
The clinical use of nuclear cardiology for the assessment of myocardial ischemia continues to grow at an unprecedented rate. Part of the reason for th...
Comet nuclei are the most primitive bodies in the solar system. They have been created far away from the early Sun and their material properties have been altered the least since their formation. Thus, the composition and structure of comet nuclei provide the best information about the chemical and thermodynamic conditions in the nebula from which our solar system formed. In this volume, cometary experts review a broad spectrum of ideas and conclusions based on in situ measurement of Comet Halley and remote sensing observations of the recent bright Comets Hale-Bopp and...
Comet nuclei are the most primitive bodies in the solar system. They have been created far away from the early Sun and their material properties have ...
The articles in this volume cover, for the first time, all aspects of planetary magnetism, from the observations made by space missions to their interpretation in terms of the properties of all the planets in the solar system. Studies of dynamo-generated magnetic fields in Mercury, the Earth, the giant planets, as well as in Ganymede, one of Jupiter's moons, are presented. Crustal magnetic field in Mars, the Mon and the Earth are described as well as magnetic fields induced in the solar system bodies. There are several articles dealing with dynamo theory and modelling and applications to...
The articles in this volume cover, for the first time, all aspects of planetary magnetism, from the observations made by space missions to their in...
Recent space missions to the outer solar system, Galileo (1996-2003) and Cassini-Huygens (2004-today), together with ground observations, have revealed that the moons of the outer solar system are enigmatic objects, introducing extraordinary challenges for geologists, astrobiologists, organic chemists, and planetologists. Chemical exchange exists through the different layers that form their interiors, and also from the interior to the surface. The most convincing evidence is certainly the discovery of water vapour and ice particles emerging from Enceladus's active south polar region. Evidence...
Recent space missions to the outer solar system, Galileo (1996-2003) and Cassini-Huygens (2004-today), together with ground observations, have reveale...
