Obsessive-compulsive disorder is currently the subject of considerable research, because recent epidemiological studies have suggested that the condition is more prevalent than was originally believed. This book offers a critical discussion of the most important theories that have been put forward to explain this disorder. The book includes behavioral/learning accounts (and cognitive-behavioral supplements of these), accounts based on Pavlovian personality theories (such as those by Eysenck, Gray, and Claridge), Pierre Janet's account, cybernetic approaches, psychodynamic approaches, Reed's...

What is the mind? How does it work? How does it influence behavior? Some psychologists hope to answer such questions in terms of concepts drawn from computer science and artificial intelligence. They test their theories by modeling mental processes in computers. This book shows how computer models are used to study many psychological phenomena--including vision, language, reasoning, and learning. It also shows that computer modeling involves differing theoretical approaches. Computational psychologists disagree about some basic questions. For instance, should the mind be modeled by digital...

We live in a world in which inconsistency is the rule rather than the exception and this is particularly true with regard to rewards and frustrations. In some cases, rewards and frustrative nonrewards appear to occur randomly for what seems to be the same behavior; in others a sequence of rewards is suddenly followed by nonrewards, or there are large rewards followed by small rewards. Sometimes we are rewarded for responding quickly, other times for responding slowly. The important common factor in these and other cases is frustration, how we learn about it and how we respond to it. Without...

The author describes an approach to the analysis of emotion that can be used independently of conventional emotion theories: that expression, feeling, and motivation can be considered in a scientific manner. As a central theme he argues that biological and, in particular, evolutionary considerations are useful in understanding the basic components of emotion, and he applies this idea to a wide variety of the phenomena of emotion. The resultant review should be useful as an undergraduate text in which the explanations are aimed at the nonspecialist. The specific conclusions should be of...

After first considering the problems involved in assessing memory, Professor Mayes provisionally advances a taxonomy of elementary memory disorders and, for each in turn, reviews both the specific processes that are disrupted and the lesions responsible for the disruption. These disorders include short-term memory deficits, deficits in previously well-established memory, memory deficits caused by frontal lobe lesions, the organic amnesias, and disorders of conditioning and skill acquisition. Mayes argues that the memory deficits found in several neurological and psychiatric syndromes comprise...

It is hard to think of any significant aspect of our lives that is not influenced by what we have learned in the past. Of fundamental importance is our ability to learn the ways in which events are related to one another, called associative learning. This book provides a fresh look at associative learning theory and reviews extensively the advances made over the past twenty years. The Psychology of Associative Learning begins by establishing that the human associative learning system is rational in the sense that it accurately represents event relationships. David Shanks goes on to consider...

It is hard to think of any significant aspect of our lives that is not influenced by what we have learned in the past. Of fundamental importance is our ability to learn the ways in which events are related to one another, called associative learning. This book provides a fresh look at associative learning theory and reviews extensively the advances made over the past twenty years. The Psychology of Associative Learning begins by establishing that the human associative learning system is rational in the sense that it accurately represents event relationships. David Shanks goes on to consider...

Genius: The Natural History of Creativity presents a novel theory of genius and creativity that is based on the personality characteristics of creative persons and geniuses. Starting with the fact that genius and creativity are frequently related to psychopathology, this book brings together many different lines of research into the subject. Professor Eysenck provides experimental evidence to support these theories in their application to creativity. He considers the role of intelligence, social status, gender, and many other factors that have been linked with genius and creativity. His...

R.E. Lubow offers a complete survey of the basic data that comprise the latent inhibition effect, and a review of theories that attempt to explain it. He then elaborates on his own Conditioned Attention Theory and derives applications for learned helplessness and schizophrenia. Latent inhibition is an exquisitely simple, robust, and pervasive behavioral phenomenon--the reduced ability of an organism to learn new associations to previously inconsequential stimuli. It has been demonstrated in a variety of animals, including humans, across many different learning tasks. The ease of demonstrating...

This book is the first synthesis, by one hand, of the new knowledge on feeding behaviour.